selling Fundamentals Explained
selling Fundamentals Explained
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Economical Management Capabilities: Managers should have a standard idea of economic management to make certain that the Firm?�s financial resources are being used proficiently. This consists of budgeting, forecasting, and monetary Examination.
Maximizing income: One among the main goals of management is To maximise revenue. This entails controlling the Firm?�s means properly to crank out profits and lessen costs, Therefore raising the organization?�s profits.
On the other hand, education the function of love means that love isn't depending on 1 "item" of love but is undoubtedly an awareness you produce to the whole world that instantly loves. Fromm refers to this as, ?�an Angle, an orientation in the direction of the entire world that is actually loving.??Irrespective of early resistance, investigate has disclosed the significance of love in both equally little one enhancement and adult wellness.
In fact, the standard Airbnb profits for hosts in Osaka stands at $851, demonstrating the prospective for eye-catching returns on expenditure. By supplying Remarkable hospitality and leveraging the town?�s attraction, Airbnb hosts in Osaka can capitalize on this flourishing marketplace and revel in a profitable business enterprise.
'" Because of this when you really love an individual, you would've that same love for everyone else. If you don't love and look after a stranger as much as you do for the lover, then you don't know what love is. Love is a way of concern for the other, the ability to see from their perspective, and have an urge to care for them. Agape love is really a baseline volume of love beneath everything. That being stated, love seems to be diverse in just about every romance dynamic. love??is really a dedicated romance that lacks enthusiasm or intimacy. Examples incorporate an organized relationship or maybe a Earlier psychological or Bodily romance that?�s shed its spark.|MasterHost features probably the most competitive Airbnb management fees in Osaka with adaptable pricing offers ranging from eight%.|Normal Remedy. Provide a standard response to what the concern is asking, or make your argument to what the question is inquiring.|Infatuation. Passion is The important thing element of infatuation. If you?�re bodily attracted to another person but haven?�t developed psychological intimacy or established a motivation, this is infatuation.|In Osaka, the Airbnb small business is controlled underneath the national Japanese legislation known as the ?�Minpaku Legislation,??which was implemented to ensure the protection and perfectly-remaining of the two company and hosts although protecting a thriving small-term rental industry. This laws involves hosts to sign up their property With all the nearby federal government, adhere to rigid safety benchmarks, retain appropriate data of guest stays, and adjust to limitations on the volume of rental nights permitted per year.|Greedy company regulation and production operations provides you with a further understanding of how to monitor development (to satisfy lawful compliance and to test creation high-quality one example is). The whole self-control of accounting is a managerial perform of control. Constructing fiscal statements is finished for the only real reason of determining the efficiency of you Corporation so that you can make long run conclusions. The capstone course of a business plan will be the enterprise method course. During this system, college students are provided an opportunity to show mastery in the 4 functions by including every one of the purposeful regions of business inside their determination earning.|These examples reveal that management is multifarious, and not at all a current phenomenon. Yet, whenever we listen to the term management|"Item, I go away all my house Definitely to Antonia Quixana my niece, listed here existing, All things considered has become deducted from one of the most offered part of it that may be needed to satisfy the bequests I have built.|With strategic house management and promoting efforts, house entrepreneurs in Osaka can tap into this beneficial marketplace and revel in significant returns on their own investments.|Sometimes the one way to actually value a favor is by returning it. This ?�thank you??substitute allows them know you plan to do exactly that.|Blow it up! ??The child in The majority of us pick out this selection. Absolutely. You may perhaps need to check with point out officials to check out what the protocols are on this approach. The most important question could be the amount of dynamite do you might want to blow up a whale, or blow it in to the ocean?|As an illustration, in lots of cultures, a thank you while in the nearby language will only be claimed if somebody has acquired a gift or if a person has gone outside of his/her solution to do something for one more person.|Due to this, improving our mastery of management will make us more effective at whichever function we are in. A good illustration of this Basis emanates from exploration done on accounting corporations in Romania. Wang and Huynh (2014) found that accounting managers who embraced both managerial very best methods and had the technical abilities essential for accounting improved the organizational outcomes of their corporations. These conclusions advise that business industry experts need to have managerial skills to supplement the day-to-working day roles they've got.|Every single of those eventualities comprise some significantly-fetched aspects. But asking the proper questions is paramount to turning any of such right into a possible technique. You initial require to determine a route, then identify your sources ahead of having stakeholder teams on board. For your high-threat condition like Many of these alternatives demand, you need to put Regulate mechanisms set up to mitigate your dangers.|MasterHost takes advantage of all equipment at our disposal to realize exceptional success. One among The most crucial applications is Airbnb management application with multi-channel abilities and native integrations.|Any time you register with MasterHost It will likely be our task to get ready a personalized Airbnb Guest Guide which will be distributed to all foreseeable future arrivals.|When you have several Airbnb listings in Osaka and trying to find a Particular deal, we can easily offer customized pricing packages to suit your home management requirements.|Click on the various classification headings to find out a lot more. You may as well adjust many of your Tastes. Take note that blocking some types of cookies might affect your experience on our Web sites along with the services we are able to give.|Within an emotionally safe partnership you'll be able to really Specific you and display up as your most reliable self. Here's how to develop psychological basic safety.|Love has fascinated researchers for many years. We glance at what professionals have learned about the origins and psychology of love.|In addition, I have no blond or other lace; so THERE is yet another item for being procured, considering the fact that Bwikov declares that he are unable to have his bride look like a Prepare dinner, but, on the contrary, she must "place the noses of The nice women away from joint." Which is his expression.|Romatic. After you?�re romantically involved with A different individual, you share physical enthusiasm and emotional intimacy, however , you haven?�t created any lengthy-phrase designs or commitments.|This text can be a good source and basis for just a principles of management study course, but instructors need to be mindful to combine it with Newer situations and conversations around present-day developments, most effective procedures, and difficulties.|They didn't make the mistake of managing human affairs in the bulk, but disposed of these item by item, sharply.}
Modern society isn't going to manage to correctly advertise agape love. Instead, it can be formed by a society of fairness ethics??the lifeless whale. For the majority of, This is able to imply clear away it someway. For Other people, this is likely to be an opportunity to rejoice the celebration, and creating the experience while in the lifestyle and heritage of the city. To rejoice the whale, the town manager can maintain a competition like car sellers do to advertise their automobiles ??have contestants location their hand to the whale and the final individual to resist touching the grotesque, slimy, and malodorous creature, in some way wins An important prize.|We now have developed this textbook With all the four capabilities of management for the forefront since these aspects are so crucial to the foundation of everything you might do during the managerial context. This textbook gives a background of management plus a chapter on ethics, but then focuses exclusively on the capabilities of management as the subject material. Within the completion of this textbook, you should be in a position to comprehend, figure out, and apply these 4 features of management.|Due to character of our small business design and unlike many of the Levels of competition our principal priority is to accomplish best occupancy prices at the highest nightly rates.|Too much usage makes us feel so comfy where by we are that we may well not know our real inclination for expansion by way of transcendence and unity. We settle for mediocrity by staying Okay with soulless comforts, treating the whole world just like a cake to become consumed.|The 2nd element of preparing is to use this Examination in the ecosystem to develop objectives, activities, and targets. For A significant Corporation this could be the eyesight and mission assertion of your Business. For the smaller sized Group This may certainly be a calendar year end, or period stop purpose.|The textual content is penned in a transparent and straightforward to be familiar with style. It introduces the majority of the crucial terms and accepted jargon from the sector.|These variations of ?�thank you??are just a little over the top. This implies they?�re great to use for truly, really significant thanks, or as a means to make light-weight of thanking anyone for a thing scaled-down. At times, they could even be made use of sarcastically to indicate an absence of thanks.|Efficient management demands a equilibrium of all four capabilities, with Every perform contributing towards the achievement of organizational aims. Proficient managers fully grasp the value of Just about every purpose and can easily implement them in a way that is certainly customized on the demands of their Business.| Again, use this phrase with a ?�Thank you??prior to or after it. This phrase is the most correct reaction for When you've got obtained a present|We could possibly have some constrained ability to change the weather, but we do this at the potential risk of upsetting an ecological harmony we do not fully fully grasp. Similarly, we will phase a seduction or mount a courtship, but The end result is more prone to be infatuation, or two illusions dancing jointly, than love.|Rely on MasterHost to amplify your house?�s likely and achieve excellent outcomes. Develop into Component of the MasterHost family members right now and take pleasure in our unequalled know-how in the vacation rental market place.|buying and selling stamp - a token resembling a stamp given by a retailer into a buyer; the token is redeemable for articles or blog posts on the Unique list|Love is probably motivated by the two biology and culture. Whilst hormones and biology are very important, just how we Specific and encounter love is also motivated by our individual conceptions of love.|Every single domain represents a triangle corner in Sternberg?�s triangular idea of love. The theory accounts for 7 different styles of love, based on which domains are associated. We glance at a lot of these love underneath.|This open text covers all pertinent locations related to principles of management. Any Main company class on management concentrates on the 4 functions of management- scheduling, organizing, primary, and controlling. This material does a very good occupation likely about important principles and also terminology related In this particular location.|When you couldn?�t have produced a little something come about without the need of A different person?�s help, then they need to absolutely recognize that! Don?�t keep back again in telling them how very important They are really.|Sternberg broke love into three components?�intimacy, passion, and motivation?�that interact to create seven types of love.|So much is occurring from the DEIB Room along with the text would gain from some updates. Over-all it seems pertinent for largely learners during the US. The textual content was culturally ideal with no bias but also didn't invite for Considerably discussion all around current DEIB issues within the state and world.|Helpful management requires a mix of skills, understanding, and knowledge. Managers need to possess a wide range of capabilities to have the ability to handle persons, sources, and processes correctly. Here are some of The crucial element abilities essential for effective management:|To wrap it all collectively, agape is often a love of wanting to love as an alternative to seeking for being loved. The grievance of an absence of love is not that the correct particular person hasn't arrived, but that our individual power to love is weak. Modern Modern society is dominated by a give-and-just take which dangers diminishing the real essence of love, but we could continue to choose to discover the art of loving.|Passionate love: Such a love is marked by intensive feelings of longing and attraction; it normally entails an idealization of the other particular person and a necessity to maintain continual Bodily closeness.}
You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser options and pressure blocking all cookies on this Web-site. But this will usually prompt you to just accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our web page. the whole world??to you is often a pretty good location to start out.|Should you answered Certainly to issue #one, Then you really are previously engaged within the management purpose of preparing. You realize where by your money is staying spent. Precisely the same holds correct in your economical objectives. If you'd like to go away school financial debt cost-free, help save for just a down payment on the property, or go on an unforgettable spring split excursion, you may have defined your organizational objective! In which you set your cash is really a perform of how you manage your resources. This Arranging perform is presumably in keeping with your monetary objectives. As an example, in order to help save for the down payment, you'll need to actually allocate your means (income) to the price savings account. What's more, wherever your cash arises from is additionally the source of your organizational means. A funds shortfall may well demand you to hire the foremost perform of management. The essence of main is motivating Others to align together with your strategy. What do you need to do if you'll want to pay expenditures, but don?�t have The cash?|Attachment is a component of love. Potent attachment bonds established mammals apart from many other kinds of animals, even though other groups ??together with fish and birds ??also kind powerful social connections that will help them endure.|indicates ?�obligated for favors or kindness been given,??and it?�s a means of claiming you plan to pay for the kind act forward.|fact - a piece of information about instances that exist or activities which have occurred; "very first it's essential to obtain each of the info of the case"|For instance, if any person compliments the clothes or the home of someone, in several cultures, the natives would answer having a smile or by expressing their gratitude to an increased energy, but undoubtedly not that has a thank you to definitely the one that has given the compliment.|. That means ??genuine|real|authentic|legitimate}; actual.??The ideal expressions of gratitude tend to be the ones that come from the heart.|Despite the fact that it truly is arranged perfectly, the composition of the useful resource could be enhanced by adapting an easier to stick to construction and refer back to the massive photograph of POLC. The true secret points at the conclusion of each chapter were helpful and so have been the references for each section (occasionally too many references instead of all of good top quality but pupils may possibly like the less complicated to be familiar with and speedy reads). Being an teacher, I would have favored much more good quality references.|. Agape love manifests in many circumstances and domains of daily life. Abraham J. Twerski, an American psychiatrist, introduces the thought of "fish love" versus "correct love"?�or "agape love" as referred to in psychology.|We use cookies to boost and personalize your practical experience with Talentedge. By continuing to employ our Internet site, you consent to the usage of these cookies. We propose you to definitely endure our Privateness Plan.|What aspects of management are pertinent in the fashionable workplace (e.g., conventional organizational layouts) or how new developments including the gig economy can be recognized utilizing the management lens can certainly be taught which has a couple supplemental methods that bolster this open resource ebook materials. If and when updates are necessary, I am fairly specific that these can be done in a comparatively effortless and straightforward fashion.|person/particular/unique item From time to time shoppers who like a selected item of apparel will ask for it at more than one department of a similar store.|This book is compatible for an entry degree course in management. Pupils will not want a company qualifications before looking at this textual content. I appreciated the current illustrations which were utilised. This will retain learners engaged.|This pivotal functionality is instrumental in enabling organizations to achieve efficiency and performance in their operations.|If you must say thanks in a huge way but on a little scale, choose ??much|A lot|Significantly|Considerably|Substantially|A great deal} appreciated.??This a person is ideal for a quick e mail, text, or even a short conversation.|around the shelf the 7 days ahead of. From CBS Regional Never make individuals wade through 300 text of back-story just before they get to the action item|Moreover, December, with its festive ambiance and calendar year-end celebrations, also attracts a big range of vacationers. Conversely, the summer season months is often fewer common mainly because of the scorching and humid weather, whilst January and February may see less people mainly because of the colder temperatures. By understanding these seasonal trends and adjusting your pricing approach, promoting initiatives, and home availability accordingly, you are able to capitalize on intervals of substantial need and keep a gradual movement of friends and income throughout the year.}
Piece words and phrases allow it to be attainable to mention just one device or models of anything that is viewed as uncountable. Piece words and phrases consist of words and phrases including piece, little bit, item, post. We Usually rely on them with of. We can make use of them during the singular or even the plural. ??
Will employ sections of this textual content as supplemental materials to provide learners further info. totally free!
They are really liable for implementing the procedures and strategies created by prime-stage and Center-amount management and for furnishing comments to better-amount administrators around the usefulness of Individuals procedures and processes.
Most cases of human love fall into a person of those types. For example, the love you're feeling for an in depth Close friend might be classed being a peer bond.
Management is just not a tough science. Not like chemistry or algebra where a appropriate answer (generally) exists, management is fluid, and subjective, and you will discover divergent perspectives on how to hire its ideas. But what precisely is management? Most scholars have variations of precisely the same definition that come with a utilization of sources to obtain a aim. Lussier (2021) defines a supervisor as ??the individual accountable for obtaining organizational targets through productive and helpful utilization of sources??(p.|Sorokowski P, Sorokowska A, Karwowski M, et al. Universality with the triangular theory of love: adaptation and psychometric Homes on the triangular love scale in twenty five countries. J Intercourse Res|Then again, the American Psychological Affiliation defines it as "a posh emotion." Nonetheless, Other folks attract a difference among Key and secondary feelings and put love in the latter class, protecting that it derives from a mixture of primary emotions.|Are There Differing types of Love? Yup?�not all kinds of love are a similar, and psychologists have identified numerous different types of love that people may expertise.|As an example the appliance on the four functions of supervisor, evaluate the many contexts in Determine 1.1. Beneath the personal spending budget, an engaged couple has decided to save for a house following obtaining married.|One thanks? We don?�t think so. If you?�re taking pictures off A fast e-mail, textual content, or simply call to state thank you, let them know your gratitude can be expressed persistently around.|It?�s doable to thank folks even prior to they?�ve done you a favor. If an individual gives up a upcoming kindness or guarantees to go out in their way for you personally, thanking them in advance allows them know they?�re appreciated even just before they?�ve lifted a finger.|No navigation problems and no interface troubles. A lot of the illustrations or photos/graphics could possibly be updated to make it extra visually desirable. Some pictures are usually not very appropriate to the text and could be omitted or replaced.|As a number in Osaka, staying aware of seasonality inside the Airbnb organization is significant for optimizing your property?�s occupancy charges and maximizing your rental money. Osaka experiences apparent fluctuations in vacationer arrivals All year long, with peak seasons typically coinciding with common situations, festivals, and holidays. Spring, particularly throughout cherry blossom period, and autumn, if the foliage improvements hues, are preferred occasions for site visitors, leading to elevated need for accommodations.|Every single amount of management is to blame for unique responsibilities and conclusion-building processes within the Business.|To achieve this approach, they will have to dedicate resources (much more workers to observe, rearrange loading dock). You by now realize that action because the organizing purpose. We then incentivize our staff members by planning a bonus composition ??i.e. if we collectively meet up with the purpose, Every single staff shares within the financial savings. If we stop there, we would've no means of realizing if we met the target. The Regulate approach solves this for us. The final phase inside the grocery store supervisor?�s managerial strategy is to acquire Every single department head report their shrink loss at the conclusion of the shift, and combination those in an excel spreadsheet. In this manner, the supervisor can see In case the rearrangement from the loading dock has decreased the volume of damaged canned products which was occurring under the old arrangement. The manager could make changes if they see that shrink will not be enhancing even just after using the services of a greeter at the entrance.|Love can't be turned on as a reward. Nor can it's turned off being a punishment. Marriages, regardless of whether organized or not, could have minimal to accomplish with love.| This is certainly a private way of saying that your assistance was not merely wanted but a significant A part of the process which was done/work completed.|During the 1970s, U.S. Senator William Proxmire railed towards scientists who were studying love and derided the perform as a waste of taxpayer dollars.|line item - an item in an appropriation bill; "Some governors can veto line items within their point out budgets"|Based upon this perspective of intimate love, Rubin designed two questionnaires to measure these variables, generally known as Rubin's Scales of Liking and Loving. When people today are inclined to look at men and women they like as pleasurable, love is marked by currently being devoted, possessive, and confiding in one another. |Controlling: Managing entails the meticulous observation and evaluation of organizational performance along with the implementation of corrective actions when required.|Love is inherently compassionate and empathic. Love knows that the "other" is also oneself. This is the legitimate mother nature of love, and love alone can't be manipulated or restrained. Love honors the sovereignty of every soul. Love is its individual legislation.|Ignore the pressure of Airbnb house management here in Osaka and let our group handle your friends so that you can relax and enjoy your spare time even though earning a lot more from a expense. Your headache-no cost Airbnb management encounter in Osaka commences with a few straightforward steps:|The aims of management are definitely the plans that managers goal to achieve via their steps and decisions. These goals are critical to the success of a corporation, as they provide a transparent route for administrators and staff to abide by. The principal goals of management include things like:|Current Second Awareness: Despite the fact that we are now living in a capitalist Modern society that contradicts the real essence of love, we still have the choice to embody love. There is absolutely no linear or very clear route towards love, but Fromm offers a few hints: Very first, he emphasizes the value of current-moment awareness.|We may possibly request cookies to be set on your own machine. We use cookies to let us know once you take a look at our websites, how you communicate with us, to complement your consumer working experience, and also to personalize your romance with our Web-site.|For instance, organizing delivers the construction and methods that guidance primary and controlling, even though foremost offers the inspiration and assistance that help organizing and managing.|Heritage of Love Only rather a short while ago has love become the subject of science. Before, the analyze of love was still left to "the creative writer to depict for us the mandatory conditions for loving," As outlined by Sigmund Freud.|Sensible Vocabulary: linked terms and phrases Text which means elements of factors back stop bifurcation biomarker department cartridge chunk factor modularized modularly module moiety multi-branched multi-component neck piece sub-department sub-sector subcomponent subpart subscale See extra effects » You may as well find similar words and phrases, phrases, and synonyms within the subject areas:|This would require a sponsor to donate a prize (a car, a getaway) plus the city can rejoice the event every year. When the goal is usually to appease the Group in the existence from the whale and its stench, celebration is one strategy to pursue that conclusion. You would wish to incorporate a biologist to ascertain if leaving the whale to decay following the festival would draw in scavengers, as well as a h2o chemist to ascertain if a decaying whale creates toxicity difficulties for beach goers.|Mastering the four read more functions will assist you to use the purpose of arranging on a far more intricate phase for instance evaluating The interior and external environments of your Corporation. Using this Examination you may develop an efficient recreation intend to formulate a sustainable competitive edge. Building an Arranging skillset will help you to suggest a composition to your workforce that comes with cross useful associates and ways of thinking.|three). The trouble with this definition is the fact that it indicates that a supervisor has to be each productive and helpful, which gets rid of the opportunity of using a undesirable manager. Each individual of us can likely contradict this definition by providing an case in point from our personalized previous. Having said that, this definition contains The essential factors of using resources to go after aims.}
In relation to producing your listing stand out within the Levels of competition, top-quality Airbnb Inside Style and design in Osaka is One of the top priorities. This consequently will let you noticeably boost guest website traffic. All Cookies?? you agree to the storing of cookies with your gadget to boost site navigation, evaluate site use, and aid inside our advertising and marketing attempts.|Check to empower long-lasting hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies If you don't opt in. We want 2 cookies to retail outlet this environment. Otherwise you're going to be prompted all over again when opening a fresh browser window or new a tab.|: This is another way of saying thank you, and one that works in both formal and Qualified settings. But, This is certainly more about appreciation than true gratitude.|Jerry knew this as indubitably as he acted upon it, Even though the many when it never entered his head as an item of mindful knowledge.|Love can't be turned on as a reward. It cannot be turned off like a punishment. Only another thing pretending to generally be love can be used being a entice, to be a hook, for bait and switch, imitated, insinuated, but the real deal can under no circumstances be sent if it won't spring freely from the guts.|We understand that our cleaners??efficiency right impacts the standing of your listing. That's why we just take Airbnb Cleaning in Osaka very significantly. We put money into teaching and setting up our cleansing team to provide you with a five-star resort cleansing knowledge in Osaka.|Mule trains transported these treasures across mountain passes and jungles wherein war galleons then loaded their holds. These fleets returned to Spain traversing the organic components (tempests and shoals) whilst defending towards state enemies (pirates).|At times the neatest thing someone else can perform for yourself is be as part of your corner if you will need help. Thanking them for becoming You will find there's way to allow them to know the amount of it means for you.|You will discover a handful of tactics we might The natural way gravitate in direction of. The feasibility of each technique depends upon how very well you use the capabilities of management.|Obtaining personal conversations, building a bonus framework, or supplying a rousing speech could all be regarded as foremost the organization.|item applies to each point specified independently in a list or in a bunch of things which might be stated or enumerated.|Fundamentals have been covered effectively. Information could reap the benefits of some updates but All round ideas remain suitable and will be for years.|We trust in the most present and respected sources, that happen to be cited from the textual content and mentioned at The underside of each post. Content material is truth checked right after it has been edited and in advance of publication. Find out more.|It looks like so considerably more, nevertheless. Calling love an conversation of Mind chemical substances doesn?�t really describe how it can heat your heart and captivate your soul.|Techniques for Cultivating Love Lasting interactions are marked by deep levels of trust, determination, and intimacy. Some points you could do that will help cultivate loving associations include things like:|These may be used in formal situations or everyday kinds, and so they?�re relatively generic. For those who?�re at a whole 쿠팡후기 loss regarding how to thank somebody, You can utilize one of those.|Do they agree with your course? Did they've enter in the procedure? Do they truly feel valued as a crew member? Do they comprehend their purpose in a successful end result? These queries are answered via the degree to which a supervisor is engaged in the primary perform.|However, in an English-speaking country, if an individual suggests for you, ?�Your skirt is beautiful??or ?�I like your tie??or ??You have|You've|You've got|You might have|You may have|You have got} a gorgeous dwelling?? not stating ?�Thank you??in response might be regarded as rude.|When we reside in the current minute, we have a degree of aliveness that generates right focus. This focus is basic to loving everything since it makes it possible for us to generally be Lively, engaged, and successful. Interactions Essential Reads|MasterHost will likely be your trustworthy and well-informed supply of knowledge With this complicated system. We'll guideline you all of the way In regards to dealing with the municipalities and creating stratas guaranteeing that you choose to meet the Airbnb licensing specifications in Osaka.|??ب???د? položka genstand Stück αν?ικείμενο artículo nimike élément predmet articolo ?�目 ??�� item aspect pozycja item п?нк? sak สิ่งของในรายกา�?madde hạng mục 项目|Textual content is exact and no faults were detected. The enterprise environment has changed a great deal from 2015, so some chapters might benefit from updating so it demonstrates a more correct check out.|Love may possibly have an impact on your immune process. A 2019 review observed that slipping in love resulted in immune technique variations comparable to protecting viral infection responses.}
postage stamp, postage, stamp - a small adhesive token trapped over a letter or package deal to point that that postal expenses have already been paid}